中文摘要：

高镁低品位红土镍矿开发利用的关键在于提取镍的同时,重视金属镁等金属的综合回收利用。本文从热力学角度针对真空碳热还原红土镍矿脱除金属镁的过程进行了分析及能耗估算,探索处理红土镍矿的新工艺的热力学可行性。热力学计算表明,真空碳热还原红土镍矿脱除金属镁是可行的。当体系压强100Pa左右的条件下,MgO被还原的温度大于1478K,Ni、Fe以及部分硅将优先被还原为金属;过程能耗理论估算表明：当红土镍矿∶煤炭（质量比）=100∶42,1600K~1800K条件下还原处理1吨红土镍矿,需消耗1.12吨~1.17吨标准煤。

英文摘要：

The overall utilization of magnesium and other metals should be systematically considered during the exploration of deficient nickel laterite.In this paper,the thermodynamic analysis of the carbothermic reduction process for extracting metal magnesium from nickel laterite in vacuum was carried out to investigate its feasibility.The calculation results indicate that it is feasible technically that the carbothermic reduction process for extracting metal magnesium from nickel laterite in vacuum.At 100Pa,carbothermic reduction temperature of MgO will be higher than 1478K,NiO、FeO2、Fe2O3 and SiO2 will be reduced to corresponding metals prior to MgO.The theoretical energy consumption for this carbothermic process of laterite is in the range of 1.12～1.17tons of standard coal when laterite：carbon =100∶42 wt% in 1600K～1800K.