中文摘要：

目的通过整体动物试验，研究三氯乙烯（TCE）急性刺激对皮肤组织病理学和细胞超微结构的影响，探讨TCE所致皮肤损害的发生机制。方法用体积百分比为20％、40％、80％和100％的TCE涂抹BALB／c裸鼠皮肤4h，并用橄榄油和蒸馏水作溶剂和空白对照，处理结束时用生理盐水除去残留受试物，1h后肉眼观察局部皮肤反应，处死动物取染毒部位皮肤，制成切片，光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜（TEM）进行组织病理学和细胞超微结构的观察。结果视觉观察发现TCE涂抹BALB／c裸鼠可引起皮肤红斑和水肿，高剂量组还出现起疱和表皮坏死。组织病理学检查发现TCE处理组动物皮肤出现不同程度的角化过度、细胞间水肿和以中性粒细胞为主的炎性细胞浸润，高剂量组还出现角化不全、胞裂外排和棘层松解等改变；TEM观察显示TCE刺激的皮肤角质形成细胞（KC）胞膜皱缩，胞浆水肿，细胞器拥挤且结构异常，线粒体发生不同程度肿胀甚至空泡样变，核内染色质浓缩靠边聚集等改变。结论结果表明20％TCE对BALB／c裸鼠皮肤具有刺激作用，可引起皮肤组织病理学和细胞超微结构的改变。

英文摘要：

Objective To explore the effect of trichloroethylene （TCE） on histopathological and ultrastructural changes of skin in BALB/c hairless mice by acute exposure, and the mechanism of skin lesions by TCE. Methods The dorsal skin of BALB/c hairless mice were smeared with 20% , 40%, 80% or 100% TCE; water and olive oil were used as blank and solvent controls, respectively. One hour later, the smeared skins were observed by visual inspection, then taken for histological and uhrastructural examinatuions by light and transmission electron microscope （TEM）, respectively. Results Acute irritation with TCE in skin could cause erythema and edema, even vesication and epidermal necrosis with 100% TCE. The predominant histopathological alterations were hyperkeratosis, intercellular edema, and inflammatory cell, mainly neutrophils infiltrated, but parakeratosis, equivocal exocytosis or acantholysis treated with high concentrations of TCE. Under TEM, cellular membrane crenation, endochylema edema, crowding and abnormalities of organelles could be seen, meanwhile, there were some swelling or vacuole in mitochondria, chromatin condensation and aggregated to the side of nucleus. Conclusions The results suggested that 20% of TCE has irritant action to skin of BALB/c hairless mice, and induces some histopathological and uhrastructural changes.