中文摘要：

以北川电信局职工住宅楼底层三道纵墙为研究对象，设计并制作三组缩尺墙片模型进行低周反复荷载试验，研究了不同开洞形式的砌体墙片在水平荷载作用下的抗震性能和破坏形态。试验结果表明：洞口高度范围内的墙肢发生剪切破坏是开洞砌体结构丧失承载能力的根本原因，在砌体结构的设计中应注重提高这个薄弱环节的抗剪能力和延性；墙体被裂缝分割成多个部分后，各个部分的抗震能力不能协调发展。

英文摘要：

The thesis select three bottom longitudinal walls of Beichuan Telecommunication Bureau staff residential building as the research objects. In order to study the seismic behavior and failure mode, three groups scale wall models with different openings are established to be tested under horizontal low cyclic loading. The test results show that the shear failure of the wall limbs within the height of the openings is the fundamental reason for the masonry structure losing bearing capacity. In the masonry structure design, we should pay attention to improve the shear capacity and ductility of the weak links. The wall is divided into a plurality of parts by cracks, and the seismic capacity of each part cannot be coordinated.