中文摘要：

在过去的十年，全面定序努力揭示了癌症相关的基因的签名，例如司机和旅客基因， oncogenes，和肿瘤 suppressor 基因(TSG )[1 ] 。这些签名提供在分子的水平定义癌症的一个工具并且增加我们癌症的理解。然而，揭示这些签名的当前的方法总是在一张大癌症人口探索变异的基因的复发，消费样品收集上的很多时间和钱，定序并且确认，进一步产生大量数据分析[2 ] 。我们想知道这些签名是否能从另外的方面被恢复。由于一系列变化从对恶意的损害良性，广泛的基因变化在单个肿瘤以内存在。在这个过程期间，司机基因提供一个选择生长优点给他们居住在的房间。因此，在一个个人的体的变化的等位基因频率，测量变化居住在的细胞的比例，能反映两个选择生长优点和变化的按年代先后的顺序。这里，我们作了一个努力在个人用体的变化的等位基因频率揭示癌症相关的基因的签名。

英文摘要：

Over the past decade, comprehensive sequencing efforts have revealed signatures of cancer-related genes, such as driver and passenger genes, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes （TSGs） [1]. These signatures offer a means of defining cancer at the molecular level and increase our understanding of cancers. However, current methods to reveal these signatures always explore the recurrence of mutated genes in a large cancer population, consuming a lot of time and money on sample col- lection, sequencing and validation, further generating large amounts of data to analyze [2]. We wonder whether these signatures could be recovered from other aspects. Owing to a series of mutations from be- nign to malignant lesions, extensive genetic variations exist within in- dividual tumors. During this process, driver genes provide a selective growth advantage to the cells they reside in.