中文摘要：

目的：研究开胸手术患者医院感染病原菌分布及耐药性，减少医院感染率。方法选取2011年1月－2014年6月2123例进行开胸手术患者为研究对象，对患者术后医院感染病原菌分布及耐药性进行分析，研究数据采用SPSS17．0软件进行处理。结果2123例开胸手术患者发生医院感染105例，感染率为4．95％；主要感染部位为呼吸道、切口及泌尿道，分别占60．00％、23．81％及7．62％；主要感染病原菌为革兰阳性菌134株占62．91％、革兰阴性菌64株占30．05％、真菌15株占7．04％；铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌属对呋喃妥因、头孢唑林的耐药率为100．00％，金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对青霉素的耐药率较高，分别为95．95％及96．30％。结论对开胸手术患者医院感染病原菌分布及耐药性进行分析，选择合适的抗菌药物治疗，为临床减少医院感染提供理论依据。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogen distribution and drug resistance of patients infected in the hospital after thoracotomy so as to reduce nosocomial infection rate .METHODS A total of 2123 cases of patients with thoracotomy were selected from Jan .2011 to Jun .2014 .The pathogen distribution and drug resistance were analyzed and the data were analyzed dealt with SPSS 17 .0 software .RESULTS Totally 105 cases of patients were found to be infected and the infection rate was 4 .95% .Respiratory tract ,incision and urinary tract were major sites that being infected ,accounting for 60 .00% ,23 .81% and 7 .62% .Generally 134 strains of gram‐positive bacteria were detected ,accounting for the most as 62 .91% and 64 strains of gram‐negative bacteria were found , holding 30 .05% .Fungi with 15 strains accounted for 7 .04% . Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter were 100 .00% resistant to macrodantin and cefazolin . Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus were highly resistant to penicillin with the drug resistance rate of 95 .95% and 96 .30% .CONCLUSION Analysis of pathogen distribution and drug resistance can help doctors to chose appropriate antibiotics for infected patients after thoracotomy and can provide theoretical references for reducing nosocomial infections .