中文摘要：

正渗透是指水在渗透压的作用下通过半透膜从高水化学势区域（或较低渗透压）自发地向低水化学势区域（或较高渗透压）传递的过程。与压力驱动的膜分离水处理技术（如超滤、纳滤、反渗透等）相比,正渗透具有低压、低能耗和较低的膜污染等优点。介绍了正渗透的技术原理,综述了其在水处理领域的研究和应用进展,分析了目前存在的问题,并展望其应用前景。

英文摘要：

Forward Osmosis is the transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water chemical potential（ or lower osmotic pressure） to a region of lower water chemical potential（ or higher osmotic pressure）under the osmotic pressure. Compared with the pressure-driven membrane separation water treatment process（ such as ultrafiltration,nanofiltration or reverse osmosis）,forward osmosis is characterized by many advantages,such as lower pressure,lower energy consumption and relatively low membrane fouling propensity,and so on. The mechanism of forward osmosis was introduced,the application and research processes were reviewed specifically,moreover,the current problems were analyzed and the application prospect was outlooked in this paper.