中文摘要：

以“天绘一号”（TH-1）卫星图像为研究对象，首先建立TH-1卫星影像的严格几何处理模型，然后实现基于轨道外推的无控制TH-1卫星影像海岛（礁）定位技术和基于轨道外推的稀少控制TH-1卫星影像海岛（礁）定位技术，最后通过实验分析了无控制或稀少控制条件下通过轨道外推技术提高TH-1海岛（礁）卫星图像几何定位精度的可行性。实验结果表明，基于轨道外推的无控制定位技术和基于轨道外推的稀少控制定位技术是海岛（礁）目标定位的最佳方式，可在不具备控制点的条件下或者稀少控制点的条件下，大幅度提高海洋关键目标的定位精度。

英文摘要：

Targeting and monitoring island reefs have important strategic significance in safeguarding our national interests. But high-precision positioning of island reefs with satellite imagery often lack controls and fails to achieve its target; thus, the important research value of realizing island reefs tar- geting under scarce control conditions. In the paper, a Mapping Satellite-l（TH-1） image was taken as the research object. A strict imaging model was established for TH-1 satellite images and TH-1 satel- lite image island reef positioning was proposed and implemented without controls, based on orbit ex- trapolation and scarce control of TH-1 island reef satellite image positioning based on orbit extrapola- tion. An Experimental, analysis tested the feasibility of improving TH-1 geometric positioning of is- land reefs by orbit extrapolation techniques without controls and with scarce controls. The results demonstrated that the methods without control positioning technology based on orbit extrapolation and scarce control positioning based on orbit extrapolation were the best ways for targeting positioning of island reefs. These approaches can greatly improve positioning accuracy for key sea targets with no controls or under scarce conditions.