中文摘要：

煤矿开采后形成的煤矸石山带来了非常严重的生态问题,国内外都对煤矸石山生态恢复开展了研究与实践。分析了煤矸石山的环境特点及对植物存活与生长的限制因子,包括缺乏正常的土壤结构、煤矸石自燃导致的温度升高、pH降低、重金属含量增高等。概述了国内外煤矸石矿山恢复的研究与实践。煤矸石矿山的生态恢复要遵循生态学规律,既要注重构建土壤基质,又要筛选适宜此类生境的植物,而且要注重提高生物多样性,使人工构建的群落能够稳定生长并逐渐达到平衡。探讨了煤矸石矿山生态恢复植物选择的一般原则,总结了可供东北地区煤矸石矿山生态恢复选择的植物种类,并对未来煤矸石生态恢复应该开展的研究工作提出了展望。

英文摘要：

Coal gangue piles from coal mining bring some serious ecological problems.Great attention was given to the ecological restoration of coal gangue pile both in abroad and in China.The environmental characteristics of coal gangue pile and limiting factors for the survival and growth of plants were analyzed including abnormal soil structure,high soil temperature and low pH as well as high content of heavy metals caused by spontaneous combustion of gangue.The related research and practice both inland and abroad were overviewed.The restoration of soil structure and the choice of suitable plants are critical for the ecological restoration of gangue pile.Some general ecological principles should be considered on the restoration work.The selected plant should be adaptable to the habitat of coal gangue pile and the construction of biadiversity should be emphasized.The purpose of all the measures is to promote the growth of plants,to build a stable community and to reach the ecological balance.Some adaptable plant species in the Northeast of China were summarized for the ecological restoration of coal gangue pile.The future researches were also looking forward.