中文摘要：

提出的一维质量-弹簧-阻尼单元模型用于计算模拟泡沫金属材料在冲击载荷作用下的动力响应。模型考虑泡沫金属材料微观密度不均匀及胞室流体对动力压缩特性的影响，并分别由单元质量块的密度和阻尼器在压缩过程中产生的应力描述。单元非线性弹簧的应力-应变关系取决于单元泡沫金属材料的压缩特性，包括胞缘弹性屈曲、胞壁或胞室的塑性坍塌及材料压实过程，并服从加、卸载定律。动力平衡方程采用显式积分算法求解。对30mm×30mm×100mm铝泡沫材料块进行冲击模拟计算，结果表明铝泡沫材料的相对密度、密度分布的均匀性、胞室结构、胞室流体及脉冲压力强度、脉冲压力作用周期对泡沫金属在冲击载荷作用下压缩变形、冲击波扩展及能量吸收的影响。

英文摘要：

A one-dimensional nonlinear mass-spring-damper element model was developed for describing the dynamic compression responses of Aluminum foams under impact loading conditions. The influence of inhomogeneities of the density and pore fluid on the compression behavior were considered. The stress-strain relationships, defined as functions of the density of metallic foam, of elastic-plastic nonlinear springs include three regimes： linear-elasticity deformation due to bending of the cell walls, the plateau stress as result of plastic collapse of the cells, finally a ＇ densification＇ process corresponding to a dramatic increase in stress with strain owing to these initial ceils fully crushed together. Meanwhile, the constitutive equations for nonlinear springs follow the loading and unloading laws. The nonlinear dynamic equilibrium equations were solved by the explicit integration schemes with an appropriate time step increment. Some Aluminum foam blocks, as sample, with 30mm×30 mm in cross section and 100 mm in length were investigated numerically by the model presented. The stress waves propagated and reflected in the homogenized foam material and their influence on the dynamic response were observed. The results show that the influence of the relative density, density distribution, ceil structure, pore fluid, pressure pulse intensity and its duration on deformation, shock wave propagation and energy absorption of metallic foams subjected to impact loading.