中文摘要：

中国煤矿开采条件复杂,煤层顶板多为分层性强的复合顶板,含有软弱夹层时采用锚杆支护技术难度大、安全可靠性低。根据煤巷顶板软弱夹层和锚固区的相对位置,采用物理模拟方法研究了三种软弱夹层层位条件下顶板的采动失稳特征和破坏型式,提出了包括锚杆支护承载性能强化、巷道破裂围岩体强度强化和围岩承载结构强化的巷道围岩强化控制原理;在应用安全因子AQ对顶板安全可靠性进行分级评估基础上,给出对应于不同顶板软弱夹层层位的煤巷分级强化控制对策。研究成果已在安徽两淮矿区煤巷工程实践中成功推广应用35×104 m。

英文摘要：

Geological conditions of coal seams in China are very complicated.Existence of a soft interlayer in roof will greatly reduce bolt force and lower safety and reliability of the bolted structure.Regarding the relative position between locations of the soft interlayer in roof and the bolted zone,theoretical analysis and physical simulation have been combined to study the instability characteristics and deformation mechanism of the lamellate roof under mining-influence.Quantitative results of soft interlayer location inside,at the edge of,and outside the bolted zones under different stress conditions are respectively summarized especially the vertical stress,strain and roof bedding separation.To keep the roadway with a soft interlaysr in its roof stable requires not only the basic bolting but also strong supplemental support to ensure a close contact between the bolted zone and its overlying strata,eliminating bed separation and to achieve roadway stability immediately after stress redistribution.A five-grade roadway safety classification system based on the safety factor AQ is established.Then a set of classified enhanced control technologies is proposed,aiming to strengthen bearing capacity of bolts,deformed rock and self-bearing structure of the surrounding rock as a whole.Support effect has been verified by successful application to over 350 000-meter-long roadway of Huainan and Huaibei mining areas.Nationwide application is foreseeable in the near future.