中文摘要：

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,而转移是乳腺癌患者死亡的主要原因。乳腺癌转移模型是筛选乳腺癌转移相关基因、探讨肿瘤转移分子机制和评价抗转移实验性治疗疗效的重要工具。乳腺癌转移模型主要包括自发性转移模型、诱发性转移模型、转基因肿瘤转移模型和移植性转移模型。移植性肿瘤转移模型以其操作简单、重复性好和生物学性状稳定等优点应用最为广泛。乳腺癌移植性转移模型按建立方法可分为实验性转移模型和自发性转移模型。乳腺癌实验性转移模型是直接将瘤细胞注入血液循环系统后在远处驻留增殖形成转移灶,实验周期短、转移发生率高,费用低,但缺少原发灶的形成和肿瘤细胞从原发灶逃逸的过程。乳腺癌自发性转移模型是将瘤细胞或瘤块接种于皮下、肌肉和乳腺脂肪垫组织,在局部形成原发癌后自发转移,涉及了从原发灶产生到转移灶形成的乳腺癌转移的完整过程,是较好的研究乳腺癌转移机制的工具。近年来对移植转移模型转移灶的检测有了较大进展,采用活体动物成像技术不但能在肿瘤发生早期探测到各组织器官内的微小转移灶,还可以动态监测肿瘤细胞在动物体内的转移状态。本文对乳腺癌移植性转移模型的分类、模型建立方法、转移灶的检测,以及该类模型在乳腺癌转移分子机制和抗转移治疗研究中的应用进行综述。

英文摘要：

Breast cancer is the most common cancer seen in women, and its metaslasis is the leading cause of death in breast caneer patients. Breast eaneer metastasis model is an important tool to identify hreast cancer metastasis-related genes, to investigate molecular mechanisms of metastasis and to test therapeutic efficaey of anti-metastasis medicine. Breast cancer metastasis models include spontaneously metastasis model, induced metastasis model, transgenic metastasis model and transplantable metastasis model. Transplantable metastasis model is widely used hecause of its advantages such as rapid time eonrse for model maturity and consistent hiology of metastasis. Transplantable metastasis models of breast cancer include experimental metastasis model and spontaneous metastasis model according to different ways in which tumor cells are transplanted to the recipient animals. Experimental metastasis is formed by retention and proliferation of tumor cells which are injected directly into vascular system. This model can develop metastasis with high ineidence in a short experimental period, but it bypasses the process of carcinogenesis in situ and invasion process of tumr cells from prinmary site to vascular system. Spontaneons metastasis model is built by inoculating tumor cells or tissues into subeutaneous, muscular, and mammary fat pad. which results in the formation of a local tumor that will eventually give rise to metastases at distant organs. This model being an important tool for research of the metastatic mechanism of breast cancer, involves the entire process of metastasis of tumor cells from primary site to distant organs. Significant progress has been made in detecting metastasis with the development of in vivo imaging, by which not only micrometastasis can be detected early, but also the metastatic status in recipient animal can be observed dynamically. We review the methods of establishing ransplantable breast cancer metastasis models, their elassification, and application in the research of molecular mechanisms