中文摘要：

目的：探讨高智商成人注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患者的工作记忆特点.方法：选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版（DSM-Ⅳ）诊断标准,中国修订韦氏成人智力量表（WISC）总智商（FSIQ）≥120的高智商成人ADHD患者33例和总智商（90≤FSIQ〈 120）的一般智商ADHD患者35例,以及与两组ADHD患者年龄、智商相匹配的高智商正常对照26例和一般智商正常对照25例,进行不同任务负荷下的言语工作记忆n-back任务.比较四组人群反应时（RT）、正确率和个体内反应时标准差（ISD）.结果：高智商对照完成1-back任务时的ISD小于一般智商对照[（133.7±39.3） vs.（161.1±49.2）,P〈0.05];高智商ADHD患者完成2-back任务时正确率高于一般智商ADHD患者[（91.4±13.2）％ vs.（83.05 ±10.92）％,P〈0.01],一般智商ADHD患者完成2-back任务时反应时间长于一般智商对照[（572.0±115.8） msvs.（509.6±103.1） ms,P〈0.05],完成1-back任务时正确率低于一般智商对照[（92.2±6.9）％vs.（95.5±4.7）％,P〈0.05].高智商ADHD患者、高智商对照和一般智商对照执行n-back任务时RT、正确率和ISD之间的差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）.结论：成人ADHD患者存在工作记忆能力损害,但高智商ADHD患者工作记忆方面受损程度较一般智商ADHD患者轻;高智商可能对ADHD患者的工作记忆能力有代偿或保护作用.

英文摘要：

Objective： To examine working memory （WM） performance of attention deficit hyperactivity dis- order （ADHD） adults with high intelligence quotient （IQ）. Methods： Totally 119 subjects were included in this study, including 33 ADHD patients of high IQ level （ full scale intelligence quotient, FSIQ ≥ 120）, 35 ADHD pa- tients of normal IQ level （90 ≤ FSIQ 〈 120）, 26 healthy controls of high IQ level and 25 healthy controls of normal IQ level matched in IQ and ages. Participants of these 4 groups above were divided according to the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition （DSM-IV） and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Revised Edition of China （WAIS-RC）. An n-back WM task was conducted to compare the reacting time （RT）, accuracy rate and inter-individual standard deviation （ISD） between groups. Results： In 1-back task, the healthy controls with high IQ showed lower ISD than the healthy controls with normal IQ [（133.7 ±39.3） vs. （161.1 ±49.2）, P 〈 0. 05 ]. In 2-back task, ADHD adults with high IQ performed higher accuracy rates than ADHD adults with normal IQ [ （91.4± 13.2） % vs. （83.1± 10. 9） %, P 〈0. 01]. Compared to the healthy controls with normal IQ, ADHD a- dults with matched IQ yielded longer RT under 2-back task [（572. 0± 115.8） ms vs. （509. 6 ± 103.1） ms, P 〈 0. 05], and lower accuracy rates under 1-back task [（92. 2 ±6. 9）% vs. （95.5 ±4. 7）%, P 〈0. 05]. There was no significant difference among ADHD adults with high IQ, healthy controls with high IQ and healthy controls with normal IQ in RT, accuracy rate and ISD under all n-back task loading levels. Conclusion： It suggests that there is impairment in working memory capacity of ADHD adults and it is slighter in ADHD adults with high IQ than in patients with normal IQ. High IQ could protect the working memory capacity of adults with ADHD.