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施肥和增雨雪对矮嵩草草甸4种典型植物凋落物分解的影响

ISSN号：1007-0435
期刊名称：草地学报
时间：2013
页码：875-880
分类：Q948[生物学—植物学]
作者机构：[1]青海师范大学,青海西宁810008, [2]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001
相关基金：国家自然科学基金项目（41030105）（31172247）;国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）课题（2009CB421102）;国家自然科学青年基金项目（31201836）}中科院战略性先导科技专项子课题（XDA05070202）;国家科技支撑课题专题（2011BAC09806-02）;青海省重点实验室发展专项资金计划（2012-Z-Y03）资助
相关项目：青藏高原高寒草地固碳功能对人类活动的适应与维持

关键词：高寒草甸植物, 增雨, 增雪, 施肥, 凋落物分解, Alpine meadow plants, Increased rain, Increased snow, Fertilizer application, Litter decompo-sition

中文摘要：

设9个试验处理（夏季增雨、冬季增雪、施N肥、施N肥与夏季增雨交互作用、施N肥与冬季增雪交互作用、施P肥、施P肥与夏季增雨交互作用、施P肥与冬季增雪交互作用和对照）研究增施氮磷肥及水分对海北站矮嵩草（Kobresiahumilis）草甸中垂穗披碱草（Elymusnutans）、矮嵩草、甘肃棘豆（Oxytropiskansuensis）与麻花艽（Genti—anastraminea）4种典型植物地上部分凋落物分解速率的影响。结果表明：凋落物分解速率为甘肃棘豆〉麻花艽〉矮嵩草〉垂穗披碱草，甘肃棘豆地上部分分解最快，垂穗披碱草的分解最慢，不同植物功能类群间差异显著。4种植物地上部分分解最快的时间都在降水充足的夏季。分解第185d和262d时，垂穗披碱草的质量残留率均极显著高于其他3种（P〈0．01），麻花艽质量残留率极显著低于矮嵩草（P〈0．01）；分解362d时，甘肃棘豆的分解速率显著高于垂穗披碱草和矮嵩草，但棘豆与麻花艽间差异并不显著，这与不同牧草的适口性、氮磷含量等属性有关。在N处理下，棘豆地上部分分解最快，分解其质量的95％所需时间为649．5d，比对照缩短286．7d。在没有增雨雪的基础上增施氮磷肥则对矮嵩草地上部分的分解起抑制作用，但影响不显著，水肥效应加以耦合会加速凋落物的分解。

英文摘要：

The effects of fertilizer and water addition on the aboveground litter decomposition of four typical plants in the alpine meadow of Haibei station in Qinghai province. Nine treatments were designed. Results showed that the litter decomposition rates of tested plants were ordered as O. kansuensis〉G, straminea〉 K. humilis〉E, nutans There was significant difference between plant functional groups. The litters in summer decomposed the fastest. The quality residual rates of E. nutans after 185 days and 262 days de- composition were significantly higher than that of other tested species （P〈0. 01）. The quality residual rate of G. straminea was significantly lower than that of K. humilis （P〈0. 01）, whereas the decomposi- tion rate of O. kansuensis was significantly higher than that of E. nutans and K. humilis after 362 days de- composition. The difference between O. kansuensis and G. straminea was not significant that was related to the palatability, the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of tested grasses. The littler of O. kansuensis de- composed the fastest under the N treatment. It took 649.5 days to decompose the 95% quality of O. kan- suensis litter, and that was 286.7 days shorter than CK treatment. The aboveground litter decomposition of K. humilis was inhibited after applied fertilizer without water. However, there was no significant difference among treatments. The interaction between water and fertilizer would accelerate the litterdecomposition.

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