中文摘要：

本文回顾了双孢蘑菇（Agaricus bisporus）遗传、育种研究进展和产业发展。遗传研究表明，典型的双孢蘑菇以次级同宗配合为主、异宗配合为辅的遗传方式来完成其生活史，它的四孢变种以异宗配合的遗传方式来完成其生活史。双孢蘑菇的交配亲和性受二极性或单因子控制，它的结实性依赖于性因子的配合。双孢蘑菇遗传研究进展促进了优良杂交品种的选育，带动了产业的发展。在中国，从1925年至今，双孢蘑菇遗传育种研究也经历了从引进到消化，从开发到创造的过程，进入国际双孢蘑菇科研先进行列。中国双孢蘑菇产业经历了从无到有，从有到世界第一的历程，获得了丰硕的成果。

英文摘要：

Progress in the breeding and industrial development of Agaricus bisporus has been reviewed. Genetic research has revealed that secondary homothallism, supplemented with heterothallism, is characteristic of the A. bisporus life cycle, whereas A. bisporus var. burnettii is heterothallic. Compatibility mating of A. bisporus is controlled by a bipolar pattern of sexuality or a single mating type factor existing as different alleles. Genetic research has promoted the breeding of excellent hybrid varieties, and driven the global development of the A. bisporus industry. A. bisporus cultivation techniques were initially introduced into China from Europe in 1925. Following many years of research and development by many individuals, China＇s A. bisporus industry has expanded very rapidly and is now the world＇s largest in terms of total output.