中文摘要：

竞争性内源RNA（ceRNA）假说是一种全新的基因表达调控模式：mRNA、假基因转录物和长链非编码RNA等转录物通过microRNA应答元件竞争结合相同的microRNA来调控各自的表达水平，从而影响细胞的功能。迄今为止，多家实验室已从生物信息学、细胞生物学和动物实验等层面验证了该假说。本文追溯了ceRNA假说提出的历程，讨论了ceRNA调控网络的影响因素，并提出了一些有待进一步完善的内容。ceRNA假说大大拓展了人类基因组中功能遗传信息的范畴，也为解析一些人类疾病发生的机制提供了新线索。

英文摘要：

The competing endogenous RNA （ceRNA） hypothesis was introduced. There is a new hypothesis about how mRNAs, pseudogene transcripts and Iong noncoding RNAs （lncRNAs） regulate each other＇s expression by using microRNA response elements （MREs） to compete for the binding of microRNAs （miRNAs）. Through this type of “crosstalk”, several kinds of transcripts regulate expression levels of their targeted genes and thus affect cell functions. To date, numerous lines of evidence in bioinformatics, cell biology and animal models from several famous laboratories have supported the ceRNA hypothesis. We also traced the history of the concept of ceRNA, and discussed the influence factors of ceRNA regulatory network and limitations of this hypothesis. In a word, ceRNA hypothesis greatly expands the functional genetic information in the human genome and provides a novel clue for understanding the pathological mechanisms of human diseases.