中文摘要：

本研究探讨不同领域的规则（安全领域规则，个人领域规则）和不同的规则提出者（成人权威，同辈权威）对儿童判断的影响。研究考察了48名4～7岁的儿童在道义推理、奖惩判断、愿望理解和行为判断的发展变化特点。结果表明：（1）直到7岁儿童才能根据规则的不同特点做出不同的判断，7岁儿童预测更不应该违反安全领域规则，违反安全领域规则和成人权威制定的规则后应该受到更多的批评，而4岁组和5岁组儿童在不同规则情境下的判断没有显著差异；（2）各年龄组儿童预测应该给予表扬的数量在各情境下没有显著差异；（3）在规则与愿望相冲突时，高年龄组儿童比低年龄组儿童更多地报告主人公会坚持自己的愿望；（4）在预测主人公是否会违反规则上，各年龄组在不同规则情境下均无显著差异。

英文摘要：

This study explored the influence of different domains （prudential domain; personal domain） and different authorities （adult ; peer） on children＇ s judgments. 48 children aged from 4 to 7 participated. The results showed that： （ 1 ） 7-year-olds had a more complex understanding of rule. They predicted that the protagonists shouldn＇ t break rules of prudential domain more than rules of personal domain and should be criticized more for breaking rules of prudential domain. And they also predicted that the protagonists should be criticized more for breaking the rule claimed by adult authority. Whereas 4 and 5-year-olds＇ predictions did not differ significantly in different rule situations. （2） Children＇ s predictions of praise didu＇ t differ significantly across conditions. （3） Older children are more inclined to predict that a protagonist would insist to do what he prefers, even though there is a prohibitive rule. （4） There was no significant difference on behavior predictions. The amount of children who predict compliance and transgression are even.