中文摘要：

黑素瘤起源于表皮黑素细胞，是死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。目前，倾向将黑素瘤分为四种亚型：肢端型、黏膜型、慢性日光损伤型和非慢性日光损伤型。病因学研究中环境因素和遗传易感性是黑素瘤主要致病因素。kit基因是定位于人类染色体4q11-12的原癌基因，研究发现，其是亚洲黑素瘤重要的致病基因。kit基因在肢端型和黏膜型黑素瘤中突变率较高，对黑素瘤肿瘤生长及预后判断具有重要意义。针对kit基因的分子靶向治疗是目前研究的热点。

英文摘要：

Melanoma, a rna＇lignant tumor o＇riginated from epidermal melanocytes, presents the highest mortality rate of all types of skin cancers. At present, melanoma is classified into four subtypes： acral melanoma, mucosal melanoma, skin melanoma with chronic sun-induced damage, and skin melanoma without chronic sun-induced damage. Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility are considered to be the key pathogenic mechanisms in melanoma. Kit gene, an oncogene located on chromosome 4ql 1-12, is considered to be an important pathogenic factor for melanoma in Asian. The mutations of kit gene, which are of great value for the growth and prognosis prediction of melanoma, are more common in acral and mucosal melanoma than in other types of melanoma. The kit gene-targeted therapy has become a hot spot in recent studies.