中文摘要：

用样本数据推断总体,权数的作用十分重要.使用权数,不仅能将样本还原到总体,还能调整样本结构,使其与总体结构相一致,因此正确的使用权数是我们进行统计推断的基础.本文系统阐述了抽样调查分析中权数的获取过程,以及后期对初始权数的调整过程.由于权数是把双刃剑,在提高精度的同时,有可能提高估计量的误差,本文提出了对权数进行评估的方法,研究如何对权数进行控制,最后根据我国综合社会调查项目（CGSS）的数据进行实证分析.结果显示按照所给方法不仅能提高估计精度,而且能够降低抽样推断中的权效应.

英文摘要：

The role of weight is very important in inferring the population from the sample information. It can not only restore the sample, but also adjust the structure of the sample to be the same as the population by using the weighting. So the correct use of weight is the basis of statistical inference. This paper discusses the acquisition process and adjustment process of weight in sampling survey. Weighting may increase the standard deviation of the estimator although it can improve accuracy of estimation. This paper discusses some methods about controlling the weight. We investigate the effect of the method by applying the data from CGSS. The results show that the adjusted weight can not only improve the precision of estimation, but also reduce the effect of weight in sampling inference.