中文摘要：

为深入了解胡麻（油用亚麻）两系杂种优势形成的遗传基础,更好地指导杂交育种实践,分别以温敏型雄性不育系113S和1S为母本,油用品种陇亚10号和纤用品种黑亚15号为父本,构建了2个杂交组合（113S×陇亚10号和1S×黑亚15号）P1、P2、F1和F2四世代群体材料,应用主基因＋多基因混合遗传分离分析方法,研究了单株产量、单株果数、每果粒数和千粒重4个性状的遗传效应。结果表明：单株产量、单株果数和千粒重受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因＋加性-显性多基因控制;每果粒数受2对加性-显性主基因＋加性-显性多基因控制。单株产量、单株果数和每果粒数的F2群体主基因遗传率在43.50%~73.28%,千粒重的F2群体主基因遗传率在10.55%~34.40%。主基因和多基因的加性效应、显性效应及上位性效应在胡麻温敏雄性不育产量相关性状的遗传中起重要作用,胡麻两系杂种优势利用应更好地利用基因加性效应和显性效应,进一步提高杂种优势利用效率。

英文摘要：

To further understand flax temperature sensitive male sterile lines 1S and 113 S,2 crosses（ 113 S ×Longya 10,1S × Heiya 15） with Heiya 15（ fiber flax） and Longya 10（ oil flax） were used by constructing P1,P2,F1 and F2populations for each cross. Their genetic foundations were investigated on 4 yield- related traits using mixed- major- genes- plus- polygenes inheritance model. Results indicated that yield per plant,capsules per plant and 1 000- seed weight were controlled by 2 major genes with additive- dominance- epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive- dominance effects. Seeds per capsule was controlled by 2 major genes with additive-dominance effects plus polygenes with additive- dominance effects in the 2 crosses. In F2 populations,the major gene heritability of yield per plant,capsules per plant and seeds per capsule in the 2 crosses were 43. 50% to73. 28%,those of 1 000- seed weight were 10. 55% to 34. 40%. It indicated that additive,dominance and epistatic effects of major genes played important roles in yield inheritance in the flax temperature sensitive male sterile lines. To increase hybrid flax production,additive and dominant effects should be utilized in two- line heterosis breeding in flax.