中文摘要：

初步探讨了峡江地区先秦时期鱼类资源的开发情况，包括种类结构及其历时性变化、整体地位及其背后的原因。对21处遗址中经科学鉴定的鱼骨材料的统计显示，该地区先秦时期（8．5kaB．P．至东周）鱼类开发的种类结构相当稳定——一直重点开发青鱼和草鱼，二者可占总量的70％～80％，同时表现出较明显的区域差异，即东区（湖北段）优先开发青鱼，而西区（重庆段）优先开发草鱼。鱼类资源开发在当时先民的经济生活中扮演了关键角色，如3处经严格筛选取样的遗址中鱼骨的可鉴定标本数均占出土动物骨骼总数的70％以上；它同时在先民的精神文化方面留下了深刻印记，如流行整鱼随葬和鱼骨占h。这些遗存和现象具有鲜明的地域特色，反映了峡江地区特殊的峡谷环境及丰富的鱼类资源对人类生计方式与文化行为的制约与影响，表明对鱼类资源的优先开发是当地先民的一种环境适应与文化选择。

英文摘要：

This paper gives a preliminary study on exploitation of fish resources of ancient humans in Pre-Qin Period of the Xiajiang Area （the Three Gorges and Qingjiang River Valley） and analyzes the composition and diachronic change of fish resource exploitation, its position in subsistence of ancient humans and underlying reasons. Statistical analysis of fish remains from 21 well-studied sites indicated that the exploitation of fish resources saw extreme stability in Pre-Qin Period：the predominant species were always Mylopharyngodon piceus and Ctenopharyngodon idellus,occupying 70%-80% of the whole animal resources. A clear regional difference lies in that the humans of East Zone （ Hubei reaches） gave top priority to Mylopharyngodon piceus and those of West Zone （ Chongqing reaches） to Ctenopharyngodon idellus. In addition,the exploitation of fish resources played an important part in economic and cultural activities of ancient people ： in 3 strictly-screened sites the NISP of fish remains all takes up more than 70% of the whole animal bones, and fishes were usually used as funeral objects and oracle bones, showing clear influence in symbolic aspect. These remains and phenomena demonstrated salient regional feature, resulting from particular canyon morphology and abundance of fish resources in this region and indicating environmental adaptation and cultural selection of local ancestors in the Xiajiang Area.