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长江流域全新世环境考古研究进展

ISSN号：0375-5444
期刊名称：地理学报
时间：2014.9
页码：1268-1283
分类：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]
作者机构：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京210093, [2]南京大学人文地理研究中心,江苏南京210093
相关基金：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项（201011016）、国家基础科学人才培养基金资助项目（J1103408）和江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助.
相关项目：气候-海面变化对江苏新石器时代文明进程影响的环境考古研究

关键词：自然灾害, 风险评价, GIS, 关中地区, natural disasters, risk assessment, GIS, Guanzhong region

中文摘要：

旱灾、洪灾等自然灾害对农业生产有重要影响，通过分析关中地区主要自然灾害类型，选择各类型灾害的主要影响因素，建立评价模型，对关中地区农业生产中可能遭受的自然灾害风险进行综合分析评价，结果表明：关中地区农业生产自然灾害综合风险总体较高，高、中、低级别风险区分别占研究区面积的28．2％、46．6％和25．2％，其中高风险区主要分布在风县、太白县、麟游县以及陇县的北部地区，中风险区主要分布在台塬边缘区和低山地区，低风险区主要分布在关中盆地地区，从具体灾害类型上看，高风险区域主要面临地质灾害和水土流失的威胁，中风险区域主要灾害是水土流失和生态环境恶化，低风险区域则是干旱和洪涝灾害。

英文摘要：

China is one of the few countries severely affected by natural hazards. Since 1990s, the economic losses caused by natural disasters have been an obvious upward trend. According to the statistics, the farmland area which affected by various natural disasters each year reaches to 34 ~ 106hm2, natural disasters caused great economic losses which take up 3%-6% of the Gross Domestic Product （GDP）. Guanzhong region locates in the Loess Plateau and belongs to the arid and semiarid area, Because of the vulnerable ecological environ- ment and complex topography of the region, soil erosion, debris flow and other disasters happened frequently. Meanwhile, drought, flood and other natural disasters have great impact on the agricultural production. There- fore, assessment, especially comprehensive assessment of natural disaster for agricultural production is very significant. The main influence factors of each disaster were selected based on the analysis of the type and character of natural disaster in the present paper. Furthermore, comprehensive assessment model is developed to analyze and evaluate the natural disaster risk which the agricultural production of Guanzhong region may suffer. The results show that agricultural production natural disaster risk in Guanzhong region is generally high. The corresponding area of different risk grade for higher-grade, medium-grade and lower-grade is 28.2%, 46.6%and 25.2%, respectively. The higher-grade risk area is mainly located in Fengxian County, Taibai Coun- try, Linyou County and the northern part of Longxian Country, medium-grade risk area is mainly distributed in the tableland edge of the area and low mountain areas, while lower-grade risk area is mainly distributed in the Guanzhong basin. The main type of disaster in higher-grade risk area is geological disaster and water and soil erosion, the main type of disaster in medium-grade risk area is water and soil erosion and ecological environ- ment, while the main type of disaster in lower-grade risk area is drought and flood.

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