中文摘要：

高强度资源利用与持续增加的食物、纤维等需求正在导致对地球表面有限自然资源消耗强度的日益增长,如何构建生态系统服务供给和消耗相匹配的科学合理的模式是减缓乃至遏制生态系统退化面临的新挑战,需要发展生态系统服务合理消耗的评价体系与模拟方法,其中发现自然生态系统服务供给与人类对其消耗的结合点和适宜指标是关键。生态系统净初级生产力（NPP）消耗反映了人类对生态系统供给服务利用强度,本研究以NPP消耗为主要指标建立生态服务合理消耗评价体系的概念框架与计算方法,并以生态消耗模式与强度具有明显梯度的内蒙古草地样带为案例区开展实证分析。合理生态消耗在此被定义为,人类为维持生计对生态系统供给服务的消耗既不对生态系统产生过度压力又能够满足人类维持生计的基本生活需求。本文详细阐述了生态系统生产力供给服务合理消耗评价过程中的数据选取原则与方法,生态消耗及其合理性阈值的计算步骤与依据。该方法基于生态系统服务消耗主体的属性特征设计,是开发生态系统生产力供给服务合理消耗多主体技术模拟平台的算法基础,也是为发展兼顾多种生态系统服务的生态服务合理消耗综合评价方法体系进行的尝试。

英文摘要：

High intensity of resource utilization and increasing food,fiber,energy,material requirements are leading to the growing strength of consumption of limited natural resources of the earth’s surface,if the existing socio-economic development model continues,the ecological system may be further reduced and degraded,threatening socio-economic sustainable development.How to construct scientific and reasonable model to match supply and consumption of ecosystem services is a new challenge for slowing down or even curbing the degradation of ecosystems,this need to develop the evaluation system and the simulation method of the reasonable consumption of ecosystem services,which found the junctions between the supply of natural ecosystem services and the human consumption and appropriate indicators is the key.Ecosystem net primary productivity（NPP）consumption reflects the human use intensity on the supply of ecosystem services,this study constructed a conceptual framework for ecological service reasonable consumption evaluation,developed a calculation method with consumed-NPP as a main indicator.The developed method was used at three case study regions in Inner Mongolia grassland transect,three regions have apparent gradient within ecological consumption model and intensity.Reasonable ecosystem NPP consumption was defined as the human consumed NPP for their livelihood did not produce excessive pressure to the ecosystem and can satisfy the basic human subsistence life need.The largest NPP consumption on which ecosystem could carry is the actual supply NPP of ecosystem,and the basic living consumption refers to the directly or indirectly consumed NPP used for obtaining the necessary food（including food,vegetable,meat,milk,etc.）.Reasonable consumption evaluation system is divided into three levels.The first level determined the current ecological consumption pressure on the ecosystem.The second level evaluated the living satisfaction of the farmers and herdsmen.The third level examined the households’diet rationali