中文摘要：

对不同磷矿样品中的白云石表面结构进行XPS分析,以揭示碳、氧、铁、氟、钙、镁等元素在它们表面结构中的存在形态及其差异,并系统研究磷块岩中白云石和胶磷矿矿物表面化学特征。实验表明：矿物表面和整体之间在化学成分、状态和结构等方面存在明显差异,矿物表面的非均匀性特征是其表面化学反应的重要因素。矿物表面的XPS分析反映出矿物表面化学特征。C元素含量变化：原生磷块岩中白云石49.59%,风化磷矿39.92%显示降低;原生磷块岩中胶磷矿24.67%;风化磷矿中33.42%-37.76%,含量表现升高。其原因是风化过程中白云石被弱酸溶解,酸解过程中产生CO2,故白云石中的C元素降低。针对白云石和胶磷矿表面性质的差异,在风化过程中,白云石较胶磷矿更易于风化的表面及分子结构差异,其风化溶解作用是造成磷矿风化矿表面结构疏松及其P2O5及稀土含量增加,土壤中氟元素活化迁移和污染的重要机理。

英文摘要：

XPS analysis is carried out to determine the surface structure of difference phosphate sample, to determine the forms and difference of carbon, oxygen, iron, fluorine, calcium, magnesium et. al on the surface of phosphate with similar compositions. The characteristics of surface chemistry of dolomite in phosphate rock are discussed. It shows that there is obvious difference on composition,status and structure between mineral surface and entirety. The Non-uniformity of surface is one of the main factors influencing surface chemical reaction. XPS analysis shows that C element content of dolomite in original phosphate rock is 49. 59% and the C element content of dolomite in weathered phosphate rock is 39.92%. C element of collophane in native phosphate rock is 24. 67%; 33.42% -37.76% in in weathering phosphate rock. The reason is that in the process of weathering dolomite is dissolved by dilute acid, acidolysis process produces CO2, reduced the C element in the dolomite. During the weathering process, dolomite has easier weathering surface over cellophane,resulting in the loose surface of phosphate and increase of P2O5 and rare earth element content. It is the important mechanism of fluorine element activation and soil contamination.