中文摘要：

长江中下游丰富的新石器时代文化遗址，为研究该地区新石器时期气候环境变化、古人类活动和文化演化等提供了丰富的材料。浙江余姚田螺山遗址是河姆渡早期文化保存比较完整的一处新石器时代遗址。文章通过对田螺山遗址剖面植硅体、硅藻和炭屑等的分析，探讨了田螺山遗址河姆渡文化早期的原始农业和古人类活动的文化环境背景。7000～6600cal．aB．P．期间，植硅体和炭屑含量较低，淡水一半咸水硅藻丰富，推测为淡水或泻湖沉积环境，受海水影响较小；从6600cal．aB．P．开始，水稻植硅体和炭屑含量增加说明田螺山先人已经开始大量种植水稻；晚期（约6000cal．aB．P．后）海绵骨针和硅藻海水种含量的增长说明该时期田螺山地区明显受到海水影响。研究结果表明，河姆渡文化早期，田螺山地区就已经开始水稻栽培，原始农业形态基本是以稻作农业为主；田螺山遗址河姆渡文化之前和之后都可能存在相对海面较高或受海水影响的时期，其与河姆渡文化在田螺山地区兴起与消失有着一定的关系。

英文摘要：

A large number of Neolithic archaeological sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River provide rich materials for the study of climatic and environmental changes and cultural origin and development during the Neolithic. The Tianluoshan Site （30°01′N, 121°22′E）in Yuyao City, excavated formally in 2004, is a relatively complete Neolithic site about early Hemudu culture. The site,5m above sea level, is 7km away from the famous archaeological site-Hemudu Site. At the Tianluoshan Site, archaeologists excavated an area of 30000m2 in 2004. The Neolithic occupation was divided into nine layers,measuring up to 220cm in thickness. We collected 50 samples from sections TLS1 and TLS2. In this study,we analyzed 22 samples with an interval of 10cm in section TLS1 and 3 samples in section TLS2. AMS 14C dating of 4 charred plant samples shows that these plants lived in a period of 6700 N 6000cal. aB. P. Detailed evidence of phytolith, diatom, charcoal and sponge spicule from the Tianluoshan Site reveals such a cultural and environmental context of ancient human activity： 7000 -6600cal. aB. P. ,the lower percentage of phytolith and charcoal and the plenty of freshwater and brackish planktonic diatom reflected a freshwater or lagoon sedimentary environment with little seawater influence; 6600 ~ 6000cal. aB. P.,increasing of rice phytolith and charcoal reflected that people began rice cultivation and settlement or using fire; and after 6000cal. aB. P.,abundant sponge spicule and brackish-marine diatom implied a seawater progression. Our study came to the conclusions that rice cultivation began in the early of Hemudu culture and that there were two relatively high sea-level periods before and after Tianluoshan cultural layers. These two relatively high sea-level periods maybe be related to the development and disappearance of Hemudu Culture.