中文摘要：

分别以Geobacer metallireducens、海底沉积物和厌氧污泥中微生物为模式微生物：用醋酸、人工海水和生活污水为底物构建直接微生物燃料电池，进行了生物膜的形成过程及影响因素的分析。结果表明：阴阳极间电势差不是生物膜形成的主导因素，阳极搅拌作用影响生物膜的生长状况，进而影响电能输出，短暂断路对生物膜无影响。将石墨电极更换为涂有碳载铂催化剂的碳纸电极，输出电能密度增加了70％。同时证明无介体微生物燃料电池可利用微生物和底物的多样性。

英文摘要：

In order to study the formation process of the microbial film adsorbed on the surface of the anode of the mediator-less microbial fuel cells （ml-MFCs） and the factors affecting the process, the experimental ml-MFCs were constructed respectively with Geobacter metallireducens, marine sediments and anaerobic sludge as model microbes, as well as acetate, synthetic seawater and municipal wastewater as substrates. Experiments show that the adhesion of cells to the anode mainly depends on the chemical bond rather than electric potential between the anode and cathode. Shear force caused by stirring could change the structure of the biofilm, thus affects the energy production of the cell. Current production of the MFC could resume after a short-time open circuit was closed again, which demonstrates that the MFC could endure temporary intermittent. The power output of the MFC changes a little when the solid graphite plate anode was replaced by graphite felt, however, when the graphite cathode of the MFC was replaced by Pt-coated carbon paper cathode, the power output of the cell can be increased about 70% （86.2 mW·m^-2）. The results indicate that the electricity generation of MFC can be enhanced together with lowered its cost by improving its electrode material used. In addition, since experiments show that the different power outputs can be obtained by ml-MFCs using different microbial resources and substrates, it shows that the MFCs can utilize the diversity of the microbial resources and substrates.