中文摘要：

地名是地图的主要内容之一．具有其他地图要素不可比拟的直观性和概括性，是百姓最容易接受的定位方式。本文以用户的地图空间认知顺序为切入点，首先介绍了地名的产生及发展过程、地名特性、地名定义、地名要素以及地名注记符号在地图空间认知语义三角中的作用。其次，从地名注记的标注位置、颜色、字体与字号、方向及文字排列、文字间隔、整体布置六个方面论述了地名注记作为“定位符”的内在原因。最后，对遥感影像地图、航空像片、普通2维地图以及3维地图四种常用地图中的地名注记进行了分析。地名注记符号是地图空间认知中最直观．最有效的信息传输要素，在地图空间认知中发挥着重要的定位与导航作用。

英文摘要：

Toponym, which has much more intuitionistic and more recapitulative characters than the other map features, is one of the main contents of the map and the most popular location style of the curbstone people. In the paper, beginning with the users＂ map spatial cognition order, firstly, the authors introduce the toponym naissance and development process, topnnym characters, toponym concepts, toponym features and the function of the toponym notation symbols in the map spatial cognition semantic triangle. Secondly, the intrinsic reasons as the locator of the toponym notation symbol are discussed from six aspects listed as toponym location, color, font and size, direction and words＂ ranging style, distance and the whole layout. In the end, the toponym notation symbols in four tYequently used maps are analyzed, including RS image maps, aerial photographs, common two dimension maps and three dimension maps. The toponym notation symbols are the most intuitionistic and most effective feature in information transmission of the map spatial cognition, and play an important role in the location and navigation.