文章基于城市动态面板数据,纳入相关控制变量,利用系统广义矩估计方法克服内生性问题:实证发现,普通教育与职业教育均促进了中国城镇化规模结构趋于均衡,职业教育的作用略大。其中,普通高等教育对城镇化规模的作用低于高等职业教育,普通中等教育的作用略低于中等职业教育,而普通初等教育和初等职业教育与城镇规模结构无显著关系。分区域看,东、中、西部地区普通教育对城镇规模结构优化作用均低于职业教育;东、中部地区普通高等教育和高等职业教育优化了城镇规模结构,其中高等职业教育作用最大;东部地区其他层次的教育对城镇规模结构的优化作用均不明显;而中部地区普通中等教育和中等职业教育优化了城镇规模结构;西部地区普通高等教育和高等职业教育对城镇规模结构优化作用不明显,但该地区普通中等教育和中等职业教育促进了城镇规模结构趋于均衡,其中中等职业教育作用最大;最后,中西部地区普通初等教育和初等职业教育与城镇规模结构也无显著关系。
Based on the urban dynamic panel data, using controlvariables, the study showed that general education and vocational education could improve the balance structure of Chinese urbanization. Specifically, the function of ordinary higher education is less obvious than the higher vocational education, the role of ordinary secondary education is slightly obvious than that of the secondary vocational education, while the ordinary elementary education and the elementary vocational education have no significant relationship with the urban scale structure. In the eastern middle and western parts, the role of general education has less obvious effect on urban scale structure than vocational education, while the middle vocational education and higher vocational education in the middle area have effects on the urban scale structure, and the role of the latter is more obvious.In the eastern area, other levels of education have no significant effects on the urban scale structure, while in middle area, general middle education and middle vocational education make contribution to the improvement of urbanization structure. In western area, ordinary high education and high vocational education do not have obvious effects on urbanization, while general middle education and middle vocational education could make urbanization more balanced, with the latter playing the most important role. At last, in the middle and western area, general elementary education and secondary vocational education make no obvious contribution to the urbanization structure.