中文摘要：

硝基呋喃类药物作为一类广谱性抗生素,广泛应用于食用性动物疾病的预防与控制中。然而不法分子对此类药物的长期滥用,易使动物体内产生耐药菌株,进而导致抗生素的作用大大降低,同时,食品中药物残留还对人体有＂三致＂作用（致癌、致畸、致突变作用）。作者对食品中硝基呋喃类抗生素代谢物残留的危害及其检测方法进行了调查,食品中硝基呋喃类药物残留的检测方法主要包括高效液相色谱法、液相色谱—质谱法、液相色谱串联质谱法、酶联免疫分析法、胶体金免疫分析法和荧光免疫分析法,作者概述了这些方法的研究现状,并对今后的研究方向提出建议,以期为以后的方法学研究提供参考。

英文摘要：

Nitrofurans are broad-spectrum antibiotics which have been widely used in food animals to the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections.Due to abuse of drugs by criminals,animals could produce drug-resistant strains,which reduces the role of antibiotics.Meanwhile,excessive drugs residues in food has carcinogenic,teratogenic and mutagenic effects to the human body.In this paper,the damage and the detection methods of the residues of the nitrofurans in food are surveyed.The main detection methods include high performance liquid chromatography,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,enzyme-linked immunoassay,colloidal gold immunoassay and fluorescence immunity analysis method.The research status of various detection methods are summarized and the suggestions for further research are put forward.It is expected to provide reference for future research.