中文摘要：

目的研究中国不同地理居群鱼腥草药材的遗传多样性。方法选取分布于我国13个省市的15个不同居群288份鱼腥草样本，进行AFLP分析，POPGENE及MEGA软件分析处理数据。结果通过筛选得到10对AFLP引物，扩增得到110条带，其中70．51％条为多态性条带；有效等位基因数为1．210，Nei’s多样性指数H为0．119，Shannon多样性指数J为0．186；15个居群遗传距离系数0．0089～0．1818；用MEGA软件进行UPMGA聚类分析，15个居群的鱼腥草材料被分为3个大分支。其中峨眉蕺菜最先与其他居群分开，表明它与其他居群之间的亲缘关系较远。其他2个大的分支按地域聚在一起。结论我国鱼腥草居群间存在较高多态性，遗传多样性较为丰富。

英文摘要：

Objective To study the genetic diversity of different geographical populations of Houttuynia cordata in China. Methods The genetic diversity of 15 geographical populations of H. cordata from 13 provinces in China was estimated using amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） markers. The data of amplified bands were analyzed by the software POPGENE and MEGA. Results The ten AFLP primers employed produced a total of 110 discernable and reproduceable amplified fragments. The percentage of polymorphic bands within different populations was 70. 51%. Genetic diversity analysis showed that effective number of alleles （Ne） was 1. 210, Nei＇s gene diversity （H） was 0. 119, and Shannon＇s genetic diversity index （I） was 0. 186. The coefficient of genetic distance was 0. 008 9--0. 181 8 among populations. A UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei＇s （1972） genetic distance visualized that the 15 populations were grouped into three different clusters, Emei population was one individual cluster group and the other populations were grouped into two different clusters corresponding to the different geographical areas. Conclusion The genetic diversity within different geographical populations of H. cordata in China is plentiful.