中文摘要：

目的 研究不同生长月份鱼腥草各部位挥发油含量变化,比较不同部位挥发性油组分和抗菌活性,为鱼腥草采收部位的选择提供依据和指导.方法 用水蒸气蒸馏法从不同部位的新鲜鱼腥草中提取并测定挥发油含量,用GC-MS分析挥发油组分.用药敏纸片法和肉汤稀释法测定抗金黄色葡萄球菌和藤黄八叠球菌活性.结果 不同月份和不同部位鱼腥草挥发油含量变化较大,根状茎在全年各月份含量均较高,地上茎、叶、花穗则只有在特定的月份才含有可检测的挥发油;各部位挥发油的抗菌活性以花穗最好,叶和根状茎次之,地上茎最差,其中与抗菌活性呈正相关的相对总含量依次为花穗＞根状茎＞叶＞地上茎,组分数则分别为13、10、13和12个.结论 鱼腥草药材品质与部位关系密切,其地上部分的最佳采收季节是花果盛期前后;全草采集时全年均要重视地下部分,在夏末地上部分开始衰老后更要以地下部分为主要采集部位.

英文摘要：

Objective To provide basis and guidance for choosing the right harvest parts of Houttuynia cordata. The volatile oil contents from different parts of H. cordata during different months were studied, and the corresponding antibacterial activities of the volatile oil components were evaluated. Methods The volatile oils were extracted by water-steam distillation and detected by GC-MS. The antibacterial activities to the Staphylococcus aureus and Sarcina lutea of the volatile oils were determined by Disk-diffusion method and broth dilution method. Results The volatile oil contents were different in different parts of H. cordata and in different months. The rhizome possessed relatively higher volatile oil contents in every month during the year, and for stem, leaves and spica, the volatile oils could only be detected in specific months. The antibacterial activities of volatile oil from different parts were in the order of spica 〉 leaves 〉 rhizome 〉 stem, and the corresponding numbers of volatile oil components correlating positively with antibacterial activities were 13, 13, 10 and 12, respectively. The total relative contents of volatile oils correlating positively with antibacterial activities were in the order of spica 〉 rhizome 〉 leaves 〉 stem. Conclusion There are close relations between the quality and the harvest parts in H. cordata, the best harvest period for the aboveground part is around the flowering and fruiting periods. The rhizome is very important to the quality of H. cordata, and should be paid attention to all year long, especially during the end of summer when the aboveground part begins to grow old.