中文摘要：

自上世纪50年代，腺病毒的发现并成功分离后，生物学家对溶瘤腺病毒进行了广泛的研究。与其他病毒相比，溶瘤腺病毒能够特异性地感染肿瘤细胞并在肿瘤细胞中完成感染．复制周期，从而特异性地杀伤和裂解肿瘤细胞但不损伤其他正常细胞和组织，因此成为目前最具研究前景的抗肿瘤药物之一。然而，在临床基因治疗过程中，腺病毒载体存在缺乏组织或细胞特异性，靶向细胞的基因转染效率较低以及缺乏一定的安全性等问题。因此，提高重组腺病毒的靶向性对于癌症基因治疗成功与否极为关键。据相关研究表明，目前溶瘤腺病毒作为癌症基因治疗载体已经进入相关临床试验阶段，并涉及多种癌症，而且也显示了很好的临床应用前景。对溶瘤腺病毒的种类、癌症靶向策略及临床研究等进行了综述。

英文摘要：

Adenovirus has been discovered and successfully isolated since the 1950s, then biologists conduct extensive researches on oncolytic adenovirus. Compared to other viruses, oncolytic adenovirus could infect tumor cells specifically and accomplish an infection-replication cycle in tumor cells, which can specifically kill and destroy cancer cells, but not damage normal cells or tissues. It has become one of the most promising antineoplastic medicines. However, at the process of clinical gene therapy, adenovirus vectors present the problems that lacking tissues or cells specificity, low genetic transfection efficiency of targeting cells and the lack of certain safety. Therefore, it is rather crucial to improve the targeting ability of recombinant adenovirus for cancer gene therapy. According to relevant studies, a variety of oncolytic adenoviruses as vectors of cancer gene for therapy have entered into related clinical trials involving different kinds of cancers, which shows admirable clinical application. It is mainly to focus on the oncolytic adenovirus types, cancer targeting strategies and clinical studies.