中文摘要：

农业生态系统长期试验已成为研究农业生态系统生态过程、环境效应和调控措施的重要手段。在综合国内外农业生态系统长期试验发展概况的基础上，分析了长期施用化肥和有机肥对土壤肥力及农作物产量、土壤微生物活性及微生物多样性的影响，阐明了长期施肥在土壤温室气体排放、土壤重金属积累及其迁移转化过程等相关环境问题中的作用。

英文摘要：

Long-term agroecosystem experiments have become important research methods in the field of agro-ecological processes , environmental effects and controls .Based on the introduction of developments of long-term agroecosystem experiments at home and abroad , the effects of long-term application of chemical and organic fertiliz-ers on soil fertility, crop yields, microbial activities and diversity were analyzed , and the applications of long-term agroecosystem experiments in research of environmental problems related with soil , such as greenhouse gas emis-sions, heavy metal accumulation and migration and transformation process , etc were also clarified.