中文摘要：

在突触发生时期，酒精诱导的神经元凋亡可能是胎儿酒精综合征产生的原因之一。酒精可能通过增加自由基的产生，影响神经递质受体的功能、干扰神经营养因子信号通路、激活内源性的细胞凋亡信号途径等分子机制，促进发育过程中的神经元凋亡。酒精影响发育的另一个重要机制是抑制蛋白质合成。新近的研究显示，双链RNA激活的蛋白激酶介导酒精引起的蛋白翻译受阻和神经元死亡。

英文摘要：

Ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis during the synaptogenesis of the brain plays a key role in the mental and behavioral deficits observed in fetal alcohol syndrome. Increasing evidences suggest that ethanol may cause neurodegeneration by increasing free radical production, interfering with the action of some neurotransmitter functions or neurotrophic actions, and activating intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. Another important mechanism involves inhibiting protein synthesis, a recent study shows that the double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase （PKR） mediates ethanol-induced protein synthesis inhibition and neuronal death.