中文摘要：

通过在三亚鹿回头岸礁区开展人类活动的现场调查,发现礁区目前人类活动主要为以船捕鱼钓鱼、个人涉水捕鱼、采挖螺贝和潜水为主的水域活动和以养殖、餐饮为主的沿岸活动;人类活动强度和分布密度保持较低水平,水下人类活动印迹反映出过去礁区相对较频繁的人类活动状况。认为人类活动是导致三亚鹿回头珊瑚礁衰退的主要原因。基于以往定性资料,利用层次分析法计算了人类活动影响因子权重,并根据人类活动等级估算其影响指数,评价人类活动对珊瑚礁的影响。结果显示,近40年来人类活动对三亚鹿回头珊瑚礁总体为负面影响,但影响程度呈下降趋势,其中,上世纪70、80年代人类活动负面影响大,90年代小,目前的负面影响程度较小。主要原因在于上世纪90年代建立的三亚珊瑚礁国家级保护区和珊瑚礁立法保护,以及逐步加强的日常管理和环保宣传。但当前珊瑚礁仍面临不断增加的各类污染物排放活动的巨大威胁。

英文摘要：

Human activities are regarded as the main cause of degradation of coral reef at the Luhuitou fringing reef in Sanya,Hainan.The reef was investigated in January and August 2009 and human impacts on the coral reef were assessed according to the calculation of the impact index in three different periods.The current human activities primarily include those on waters such as boat fishing,wading fishing,digging shellfish,diving and those on coast area such as aquiculture and restaurant.The intensity and distribution density of activities on the waters are averaged as 15.1 person/d and 20.9 person/km2,respectively,keeping a relatively low level,and the aquafarm and restaurant are distributed at 4 unit/km on average.The average distribution density of human prints underwater is 0.33 piece/100 m2 indicating relatively frequent human activities at this reef area in the past.The index of human impact on coral reef was calculated according to the weighing by Analytic Hierachy Process and the grade of human impact factors,and the result indicates that the human impact has been always negative for the last forty years,but the level of negative impact shows an evident declining trend.The human impact was great in the 1970s and 1980s,then turned to be smaller in the 1990s,and at present it is small.The main cause attributes to the establishment of national conservation district of Sanya coral reef,the legislation protecting coral reef,and the enhancing environmental publicity and routine management.However,the coral reef at Luhuitou is still confronted with huge threats from increasing pollution discharges.