中文摘要：

灾害发生后的关键救援期内,应急物资有限且受灾点对应急物资的需求具有不确定性。为提高应急物流工作效率,需对应急资源分配和运输车辆路径进行统一优化决策。针对救援关键期内应急物资可能供应不足的特点,在假设物资需求为随机服从正态分布的前提下,以最小化供应不足和供应过量所带来的损失、运输成本和车辆使用成本等为优化目标,考虑服务时间窗和车辆装载能力等约束,建立了随机需求环境下应急物流车辆路径问题的优化模型,并基于遗传算法设计了模型的求解方法。算例分析表明,所提出的优化方法运算快捷且结果合理,可为相关决策者提供科学的决策依据。

英文摘要：

The emergence resources are limited and the demands are uncertain in the critical period of the disaster. In order to improve the efficiency of the emergence logistics,the allocation of the emergence resources and the vehicle routing should be determined simultaneously. Based on the assumption of the stochastic demands were normal distributions,it developed the optimal model of the emergence vehicle routing considering the stochastic demand,which objective function was to minimize the transportation costs and the costs caused by the supplies more or less than the actual demands,under the conditions of the time windows and load capacity. According to the characteristic of the model,this paper proposed the genetic algorithm to solve the model. The application shows that the method operates quickly and the results are rational,which can provide scientific basis for decision-making.