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西北旱区石羊河流域作物耗水点面尺度转化方法的研究

期刊名称：农业工程学报, 2006, 22(10): 45-51
时间：0
分类：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学;农业科学—农业基础科学]
作者机构：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,杨凌712100, [2]中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京100083, [3]甘肃省武威市水利科学研究所,武威733000
相关基金：国家自然科学基金重点项目（50339030）;海外青年学者合作研究基金（50528909）
相关项目：节水灌溉、非充分灌溉的节水机理；农业生态环境评价

关键词：石羊河流域, 春小麦需水量, DEM, 插值, 时空分异, Shiyang River Basin, spring wheat evapotranspiration （ETc）, DEM, interpolation, temporal and spatial variation

中文摘要：

基于DEM与GIS空间分析功能研究了石羊河流域主要农作物春小麦需水量ETc的时空分异规律.根据8个气象站近50年气象资料,应用1998年FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算参考作物蒸发蒸腾量ET0,由收集到的春小麦需水量试验资料获得多年平均作物系数Kc.近50年来流域上游的古浪、天祝春小麦全生育期ETc呈微弱的增加趋势,中游的凉州区表现出极显著的减少趋势,其他站减少趋势不显著.确立了ETc与海拔高度、纬度、坡向的多元回归关系,借助Arcview3.3、ArcGIS9.0与Visual Basic6.0软件实现了春小麦ETc的空间尺度转换,并分析了石羊河流域25%、50%、75%三个不同水文年春小麦ETc的空间变异情况.石羊河流域春小麦ETc由山区向绿洲平原递增,多年平均值为270～591 mm.估计值与计算值相差在11.1%以内.

英文摘要：

DEM-based and GIS-assisted methods were employed to estimate the temporal and spatial variation of spring wheat evapotranspiration （ET,） in Shiyang River Basin. Based on the data collected from eight meteorological stations in the Basin in recent 50 years, the reference crop evapotranspiration （ET0） was calculated with the Penman-Monteith equation recommended by FAO in 1998. Crop coefficient （Kc） was calculated from selected experimental data for spring wheat evapotranspiration. In recent 50 years, ETc values were gently increased in Gulang and Tianzhu in the upper reaches, while in Liangzhou in the middle reaches, the decreasing trend was greatly significant, and in other regions, the decreasing trend was not so significant. The multiple regression equation between ETc and altitude, latitude, and aspect of slope was established. Spatial distribution of spring wheat ETc in the Basin was obtained with Arcview3.3, ArcGISg. 0 and Visual Basic 6.0, and its spatial variations in different hydrological years of 25%, 50% and 75% were analyzed. The results show that, spatial variation of ETc was significant（from 270 mm to 591 mm） with the trend increasing from mountainous area to oasis plain in the Basin. The relative error between the calculated and estimated values of ETc was within 11.1%.

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