中文摘要：

基于中国科学院海伦农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站的长期定位试验,利用海伦站内气象数据和中子仪测定的土壤水分数据,分析了丰水年（2006）、平水年（2008）和枯水年（2001和2004）条件下的无肥（CK）、化肥（NP）和化肥＋有机肥（NPM）处理对大豆耗水量、土壤供水量和大豆水分利用效率的影响。从4 a的平均值分析,大豆耗水强度最大时期为开花-鼓粒期。施肥增加了大豆的耗水量,与CK相比,NP和NPM的耗水量分别增加了0.92%和2.21%,其中施肥增加大豆耗水量的效应在枯水年表现得更为显著。大豆消耗的水分除了大气降水以外,还有土壤供水量,在降水最为缺乏的大豆鼓粒-成熟期,与CK相比,NP和NPM土壤供水量分别增加了11.72%和23.48%。在观测的4 a中,大豆水分利用效率均表现为CK〈NP〈NPM,而在不同降水年型中大豆水分利用效率有随降水增多而降低的趋势。因此在研究区域可以通过有机肥的施用调控土壤的供水能力,来缓解季节性降水缺乏带来的干旱胁迫,进而提高大豆的水分利用效率,达到充分利用土壤水分资源的目的。

英文摘要：

Based on the long-term field experiments located in Hailun agricultural ecology station of Chinese Academy of Sciences,meteorological data and soil water content monitored by neutron probe were used to analyze the effect of different fertilizer treatments including no fertilizer（CK）,chemical fertilizer（NP）and chemical fertilizer plus organic matter（NPM）,on water consumption,soil water supply and water use efficiency（WUE）under rainy year（2006）,normal year（2008）and drought years（2001 and 2004）.Water consumption rate of soybean reached the peak at flowering-podding stage in views of four years＇ observation.Total water consumption of soybean was increased under fertilizer treatments,compared with CK,NP and NPM were increased by 0.92% and 2.21%,respectively,and this effect was more significant in drought years.Soil water supply was another important resource for water consumption of soybean with exception of precipitation.The precipitation from podding to mature was the lowest among whole growth period,and soil water supply of NP and NPM were increased by 11.72% and 23.8%,respectively.The WUE of soybean was showed in the order of CKNPNPM regardless of precipitation patterns,and increasing trend of WUE of soybean was observed with the decreasing of precipitation.Therefore,utilization of organic fertilizer can effectively regulate soil water supply,alleviate the drought stress result from seasonal precipitation,enhance soybean WUE,and make full use of soil water resource.