中文摘要：

为了解蛋鸡气管黏膜不同时期的免疫状态,选择不同日龄海兰白蛋鸡的气管组织,利用免疫组织化学方法研究不同免疫细胞的出现、定位分布及数量变化。结果显示,气管黏膜中免疫细胞出现较晚,直至出壳后7日龄,气管黏膜中才有部分免疫细胞出现。从7日龄开始一直持续到35日龄,除MHC-Ⅱ^＋细胞外,气管黏膜中的所有免疫细胞数量和分布都无显著变化,此阶段CD3^＋T淋巴细胞以CD8＋T淋巴细胞为主,B淋巴细胞以IgM^＋细胞为主。56日龄至90日龄时,气管黏膜中各种免疫细胞显著增多,形成了许多淋巴聚集物,特别是在黏膜固有层底端开始形成生发中心,CD3^＋T淋巴细胞分布在生发中心周围的滤泡间区域,形成了典型的黏膜相关性淋巴组织结构特征,即形成气管相关性淋巴组织,此阶段CD3^＋T淋巴细胞显著高于Bu-1^＋B淋巴细胞,而且CD3^＋T淋巴细胞以CD8^＋细胞为主,B淋巴细胞此时以IgA^＋细胞为主,巨噬细胞不断迁移,黏膜固有层及上皮中巨噬细胞继续增多,而黏膜下层及软骨纤维膜中却减少。结果表明,蛋鸡气管黏膜中免疫细胞的分布和数量都呈现日龄相关性变化,并且在56日龄时形成气管相关性淋巴组织。

英文摘要：

The aim of this study was to investigate the immune state of tracheal mucosa in different periods.Using the tracheal tissues of Hy-line White chicken at different ages,the distribution and quantity changes of different immune cells in tracheal mucosa were studied using immunohistochemistry staining.The results showed that the immune cells in the tracheal mucosa appeared later,and until 7day-old,there were some immune cells in the trachea mucosa.From 7 day-old to 35 day-old,the number and distribution of all the immune cells except MHC II＋cells in tracheal mucosa were not significantly changed,the CD3^＋T lymphocytes were mainly CD8^＋T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were mainly cells.From 56day-old to 90 day-old,a variety of immune cells in the trachea mucosa were significantly increased,and formed many lymphoid aggregates,especially the germinal centers that appeared in the bottom of lamina propria.CD3^＋T lymphocytes were distributed in the inter-follicular regional around germinal center,and this structure had a typical feature of mucoca associated lymphoid tissue called as tracheaassociated lymphoid tissue.CD3^＋T lymphocytes were significantly higher than Bu-1＋B lymphocytes.CD3^＋T lymphocytes were mainly CD8^＋T lymphocytes,and B lymphocytes were mainly IgA ＋ cells.Macrophages in the lamina propria continued to increase,while those in the sub-mucosa and cartilage fiber membrane were decreased.The results reveal that the distribution and the number of the immune cells in the tracheal mucosa of laying hens were correlated with age,and the trachea associated lymphoid tissue was formed at 56 day-old.