中文摘要：

选择以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料,碳酸钠为催化剂合成的具有一定粘度的酚醛树脂为前驱体,正戊烷为发泡剂,吐温80为匀泡剂,采用常压物理发泡技术制得了碳泡沫.研究结果表明,所得碳泡沫是一种具有多孔网络结构的轻质固体炭材料,依据制备条件的不同,其密度在0.08-0.20 g·cm^-3之间.当控制前驱体酚醛树脂的粘度约为300 mPa.s,发泡剂的用量为V（正戊烷）∶V（酚醛树脂）=0.25,以及匀泡剂的用量为V（吐温80）∶V（酚醛树脂）=0.10时,可以制备出孔洞互相连通、韧带和接点（韧带连接处）完好的具有良好结构的碳泡沫.

英文摘要：

Carbon foams were prepared by employing phenol formaldehyde resin as precursor which was obtained from the reaction of resorcinol and formaldehyde catalyzed by sodium carbonate, pentane as blowing reagent at normal atmospheric pressure in the existence of foam stabilizer Tween 80. The results indicate that as-prepared carbon foams are porous solid carbon materials with uninterrupted network possessing very low bulk density between 0.08 and 0.20 g· cm^- 3 dependent on specific preparation condition. By controlling the viscosity of phenol formaldehyde resin of about 300 mPa·s, the volume ratio of pentane/phenolic resin of 0.25 and the volume ratio of Tween 80/phenolic resin of 0. 10, carbon foams with good microstructure such as open cell, unbroken junctions and smooth ligaments can be successfully synthesized.