中文摘要：

目的 研究我国成年人群尿石症的患病率和分布情况.方法 2013年5月至2014年7月,在广东、重庆、黑龙江、湖南、上海、甘肃、山西等7个省、直辖市采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取11个社区和19个自然村,通过现场泌尿系超声检查、问卷调查,以及血、尿常规和生化检查等,调查在当地居住≥6个月的成年居民尿石症患病率的地域、城乡、性别、年龄和结石部位等特征.结石诊断标准为：超声检查发现泌尿系强光点或强光团回声直径≥4 mm.结果 应调查人数为12 570人,有效应答9 310例,有效应答率为74.07％,其中男3 792例（40.73％）,女5 518例（59.27％）.平均年龄（51.34±14.26）岁.结石患者605例,尿石症患病率为6.50％.男性患病率为7.65％ （290/3 792）,女性患病率为5.71％（315/5 518）;农村地区患病率为7.96％（385/4837）,城市地区为4.92％（220/4473）;南方地区患病率为8.85％（501/5 661）,北方地区为2.85％（104/3649）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.全国人口标化患病率为6.06％,其中男性为6.85％,女性为5.25％.7个省、直辖市的标准患病率由高到低分别为广东11.63％、重庆11.29％、黑龙江8.13％、湖南5.98％、上海4.78％、甘肃1.86％、山西0.14％.所有结石患者中,单纯上尿路结石占99.50％（602/605）,单发结石占60.99％（369/605）,直径＜10 mm结石占87.11％（527/605）.结论 尿石症在中国成年人群中常见,患病率方面男性高于女性,农村地区高于城市地区,南方地区高于北方地区.尿石症患者中以上尿路结石及直径＜ 10 mm结石多见.

英文摘要：

Objective To obtain the prevalence and distribution of urolithiasis among adult population in China.Methods From May 2013 to July 2014,a multi-stage random cluster sampling was used to investigate the prevalence of urolithiasis and distribution among adult population in 7 provinces/ Municipalities in China.In total,11 urban communities and 19 rural villages were selected.All residents 18 years of age or older in the selected clusters were underwent urinary ultrasound graph,interview of questionnaire,urine analysis and blood examinations.Urolithiasis diagnostic criteria：spots ≥ 4 mm in diameter was found in urinary system screen.Results A total of 12 570 sampling subjects were selected to participant the study.9 310 participants completed the urinary ultrasound graph,with an average of （51.34 ± 14.26）years old.The total response rate was 74.07%.There were 3 792（40.73%） male and 5 518 （59.27%） female.605 participants were found with urolithiasis.The overall prevalence was 6.50%.The adjusted prevalence was 6.06% （man,6.85%;woman,5.25%）.The adjusted prevalence in Guangdong,Chongqing,Heilongjiang,Hunan,Shanghai,Gansu and Shanxi was 11.63%,11.29%,8.13%,5.98%,4.78%,1.86% and 0.14% respectively.The prevalence of urolithiasis was significant higher in male （7.65% vs.5.71%,P 〈0.01）,rural areas （7.96% vs.4.92%,P 〈0.01）,and southern China （8.85% vs.2.85%,P 〈0.01）.The proportion of upper urinary stone,single stone and stones less than 10 mm in diameter was 99.5% （602/605）,61% （369/605） and 87.11% （527/605） among these 605 patients.Conclusions Urolithiasis is prevalent in adult population of China.The prevalence was significant higher in male,rural areas,and southern China.Upper urinary stones and stones less than 10 mm in diameter are the most urolithiasis.