中文摘要：

朊蛋白疾病是人类和动物中枢神经变性的神经退行性疾病,严重威胁人类的健康。朊病毒（Prion）引发疾病的致病机理尚未十分清楚,常采用体外合成Prion的方法研究其致病机理,但体外研究朊蛋白的主要困难在于建立一个合适的系统模拟体内环境,以便研究正常朊蛋白转化为致病性朊病毒的发病机制。综述了无细胞转化分析,细胞裂解液转化分析,蛋白质错折叠循环扩增,自催化转化分析等至今普遍采用的几种Prion体外合成方法,并讨论了这些方法是否适合用于模拟Prion在体内合成并聚集的过程,为研究朊病毒疾病提供了丰富的研究资源,为深入研究朊蛋白致病性转化提供参考。

英文摘要：

Prion diseases are neurodegenerative diseases,harmful to animal and human health.Mechanisms of prion diseases are not fully understood.Systems of prion replications in vitro are used to studying prion pathogenesis,however,mock environment in vitro for studying conversion mechanisms from normal cellular prion proteins to disease-associated scrapie prion proteins is relatively difficult and very important.Cell-free conversion assay,cell-lysate conversion assay,Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification,Autocatalytic conversion assay,several methods of prion conversion in vitro were described,and discussed them in reflecting prion propagation in vivo,a lot of target samples for studying Prion disease were provided,in order to facilitate to further study prion pathogenesis in the future.