中文摘要：

大气波导的存在使电磁波实现超视距传播，在增加海上通信距离的同时使海上电磁波传播变得复杂。为丰富大气波导在海上通信中应用的方法和手段，研究了大气波导形成、分类以及不同类型大气波导修正折射指数轮廓线形式及形成原因，分析了电磁波在大气波导环境中实现超视距传播条件，理论研究及仿真验证了大气波导环境下超视距通信参数选择，包括电磁波临界入射角和最低陷获频率。根据海上实际气象环境特点和战场条件需求，提出大气波导在海上通信中的具体应用，对提高海上远距离通信保障能力、获取战场电磁优势具有重要意义。

英文摘要：

The existance of atmospheric duct makes beyond-the-horizon propagation of electromagnetic waves come true,and it can extend maritime communication distance but makes the propagations of electro-magnetic waves complicated at the same time. In order to enrich the methods and means of atmospheric duct in maritime communications application, this paper studies the forms and classifications of atmospher-ic duct and the forming reasons and outlines of modified refractive index of different ducts, analyzes the conditions for realizing beyond-the-horizon propagation,and theoretically studies and simulates the selec-tion of parameters of beyond-the-horizon communication, including electromagnetic waves＆#39; critical angles of incidence and the lowest trapping frequencies. According to the features of maritime environments and the demands of battlefields, it offers the applications of atmospheric ducts in maritime communications, which is of great meaning for enhancing the protection capabilities of long distance communications and ac-quiring electromagnetic superiority.