中文摘要：

自然材料微结构是仿生机械结构设计的灵感来源．利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜分析了鸭子下层绒毛、水稻叶毛、松针维管柬鞘、水稻侧根和松针的微结构；用扫描电镜分析了黄瓜外表皮、仙人掌表皮组织、水稻叶脉、蚊子复眼、仙人掌组织、鹌鹑蛋蛋壳、水稻根和贝壳的微结构．结合前人对其它自然材料微结构的研究，总结了自然材料的结构特征，典型微结构特征有分形结构、分级结构、多尺度结构、多孔结构、梯度结构和整合结构；并且讨论了典型生物微结构原型在仿生结构设计方面的应用．分析了自然材料微结构特征的一般性特征，即对称性和自相似性．

英文摘要：

Microstructures of natural materials are the origin to inspire new mechanical structures. The laser scanning confocal microscope （LSCM） was used to examine the microstructures of undercoat villus of duck,tomentum of rice,vascular bundle of pine needle and rice＇s lateral root; and scanning electron microscope （SEM） were used to analyze the microstructures of epidermis cells of cucumber, the cactus skin, the rice vein, cactus tissue, quail＇s eggshell, rice＇s root and shells, and the features of microstructures of natural materials were summarized with consideration of re- sults of former researchers. The typical features of the microstructures are fractal, hierarchical, multi-scale, porous, graded and integrated structures. Moreover, application of above features in bionic structure design was discussed. Furthermore,the general characteristics of the microstructures of natural materials were discussed in terms of symmetry and self-similarity interconnections.