中文摘要：

摘要丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）是生态系统的重要组分之一，不仅具有丰富的遗传、物种和功能多样性，而且还具有生态系统多样性，即该真菌的分布与栖息生境复杂多样．AMF侵染植物根系形成菌根，营专性活体共生营养，生态适应性强，除了森林、草原和农田生态系统外，还广泛分布于保护地、盐碱地、矿区污染地、石化与农药污染地、荒漠地、干旱地、湿地、沼泽地、火山地、高原、低温与极地等植物多样性匮乏的特殊生境，形成独特的群落结构，发挥着不可替代的生理生态功能．本文总结了上述生境中AMF物种多样性与菌根发育特点，旨在为进一步开展这些特殊生境和极端环境下的AMF研究提供基本信息．

英文摘要：

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） are one of the important components in ecosys- tems, which not only have the diversity in genetics, species composition, and function, but also have the diversity in distribution and habitat. AMF infect plant root, form mycorrhiza, and nourish as obligate biotroph symbiont, with strong ecological adaptability. They not only distribute in forest, prairie, and farm land, but also distr/bute in the special habitats with less plant species diversity, such as commercial greenhouse soil, saline-alkali soil, mining pollution land, petroleum-contamina- ted land, pesticide-polluted soil, desert, dry land, wetland, marsh, plateau, volcanic, cooler, and arctic tundra, composing a unique community structure and playing an important irreplaceable role in the physiological and ecological functions. This paper summarized the species diversity and my- corrhizal morphological features of AMF in special habitats, aimed to provide essential information for the further studies on the AMF in these special habitats and extreme environments.