中文摘要：

国外已有研究认为，心理正常儿童的假想伙伴主要有三种：完全看不见的想像伙伴、拟人化物体、角色自居伙伴。假想伙伴具有为儿童提供抚慰，维护儿童自尊，促进儿童超我的形成，促进儿童认知发展，提高儿童适应性应对能力，以及促进儿童形成和谐的社会互动倾向等功能。因此，成人要尊重儿童创造的隐喻世界，并以旁观者的身份支持儿童的假想行为。未来的相关研究要在提高研究方法的客观性、挖掘假想伙伴功能的本质特征以及开展本土化研究等方面作出长期的努力。

英文摘要：

There are three types of pretend friends：imaginary companions,personified objects and impersonation. Pretend friends can be treated as true friends providing comforts; as mischief projections protecting self-respect; and as self-ideal. At the same time, pretend friends can promote cognitive development and provide adjustable coping; and always be ready to please others for keeping harmonious social reciprocal. Educators should respect children＇s allegorical world, and accept themselves as bystanders. Finally, it points out the directions of the future study.