中文摘要：

目的观察大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后胶质细胞的活化情况,探讨SAH早期脑损伤的机制。方法雄性SD大鼠24只,随机分为SAH组和假手术组,每组12只。SAH组采用颈内动脉线栓穿刺法建立SAH模型,于建模后24h检测神经功能缺损情况,假手术组不建模,处死大鼠,测定脑含水量,并采用免疫荧光组织化学染色观察小胶质细胞（以CD11b标记）及星形胶质细胞（以GFAP标记）的活化情况。结果建模后24h,SAH组大鼠神经功能评分（11.05±2.18）明显低于假手术组（17.85±0.33,P〈0.01）,脑含水量（81.92%±1.03%）明显高于假手术组（78.00%±0.46%,P〈0.01）。SAH组大鼠皮质及海马区域均可见大量活化的CD11b阳性小胶质细胞、GFAP阳性星形胶质细胞,活化的胶质细胞数量与假手术组比较均明显升高（P〈0.01）。结论胶质细胞活化可能在SAH后早期脑损伤中发挥了重要作用。

英文摘要：

Objective The activation of the glial cells of rats after subarachnoid hemorrhage（SAH） was observed in the current study to determine the mechanism of early brain injury after SAH.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups,namely,the SAH（n=12） and sham-operated control（n=12） groups.The internal carotid arteries of the rats in the SAH group were punctured using a suture needle,and the neurological defect was inspected after 24 h.The rats were then killed to measure their brain water contents.Furthermore,the activation of microglia and astrocytes was detected using immunofluorescence histochemistry（CD11b,GFAP）.Results The neurological scores（11.05±2.18） of the rats in the SAH group after 24 h were evidently lower than those in the sham-operated group（17.85±0.33,P0.01）.Meanwhile,the brain water contents of the rats in the SAH group（81.92%±1.03%） were evidently higher than those in the sham-operated group（8.00%±0.46%,P0.01）.Large numbers of activated CD11b-positive microglia and GFAP-positive astrocytes were found in the cortices and hippocampi of the rats in the SAH group.Moreover,the number of activated glial cells in the SAH group was significantly higher,than that in the sham group（P0.01）.Conclusion Therefore,glial activation may play an important role in early brain injury after SAH.