中文摘要：

分析了1942年中国北方八省市大旱的的旱情及其成因。结果表明：在1942年中国北方出现一次以河南为中心的极端干旱事件，以夏季和冬季最严重，它发生在年代际相对温暖背景下。太平洋海温的年代际暖位相是1942年大旱重要的海洋背景。1940—1942年南方涛动指数为负位相是1942年大旱重要的热带环流年际变化的背景。强度为1级的厄尔尼诺事件，东亚夏季风偏弱和登陆台风偏少可能是1942年北方大旱的重要原因。由于河南省是气候变化的敏感区和生态环境脆弱区，前期早涝灾害频发，加上当年多灾并发，致使1942年河南省的旱灾最为严重。

英文摘要：

Reasons of serious drought in eight cities and provinces of Northern China in 1942 were analyzed. Results indicated that there is an extreme arid event occurred in 1942 and centering on Henan Province, which occurred under a relatively warm background. The arid event was the most serious during the summer and win- ter. The warm sea tempera~tre of Pacific Ocean during 1942 was the most important sea background of this ex- treme arid event was, while the negative phase of South Oscillation during 1940-1942 was the most outstand- ing circulation environment of this extreme arid event. In addition, the E1 Nino event with the intensity of 1 lev- el, the weaker East Asian summer monsoon, and the less landing typhoon than the other years possibly could be the main reasons inducing to this extreme arid event in 1942 over the north China. Because Henan Province is the climatic change sensitive area and the ecological environment frail area, the earlier period dry waterlog- ging disaster frequency sends, in addition the multi-disasters were in the past concurrent, caused Henan Prov- ince＇s drought to be most serious in 1942.