中文摘要：

利用区域气候模式（RegCM4）对中国区域过去30a（1983年1月至2012年12月）的气温和降水进行了数值模拟和检验分析。模拟结果和观测的对比检验表明，模式能够较好地再现过去30a中国区域气温和降水的空间分布特征，对于温度和降水的分布型能够较为准确地模拟再现。但是，模拟的气温整体偏低于观测；模拟误差在东北地区相对较小，而在青藏高原周边地区误差相对较大。降水模拟值高于观测结果，在华南、华中地区效果好于其他地区；误差较大的区域主要集中在青藏高原东麓、四川和云南地区，这可能主要受地形因素影响。气温均方根误差整体上呈现出北高南低的分布，降水均方根误差则呈现出南高北低的分布。30a气温模拟值上升趋势接近实际观测，气温在冬季的模拟好于其他季节，夏季降水的模拟结果明显偏高于观测。模式模拟结果可提供空间分辨率较高的气候资料，也可为观测资料稀少的地区提供有效的气候资料。

英文摘要：

By using the Regional Climate Model （ RegCM4）, the temperature and precipitation were simulated and analyzed in the last 30 years （from January 1983 to December 2012） in China. The comparison of the simulated and observed values show that the model could well reproduce the spatial characteristics of temperature and precipitation in the last 30 years in China, and it could also well re- produce the banded pattern of temperature and precipitation. However, the simulated temperatures were lower than the observations, and simulation error was relatively lower in the northeast China and higher in surrounding regions of the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau. The simulated precipitations were higher than observations, and simulation error was smaller in central and southern China, and relatively bigger in the east region of the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau and Sichuan as well as Yunnan regions. Root mean square error （ RMSE ） of temperature was higher in north and lower in south, and the RMSE of precipitation was completely opposite in spatial distribution. The RegCM4 model results could better reproduce the temperature rise in the last 30 years, and temperature simulation results were better in winter than those in other seasons, the simulated summer precipitation was significantly higher than observations. Simultaneously, RegCM4 not only can provide high spatial resolution climate data, but also it can provide effective climatic data in spars regions such as the Tibetan Plateau.