中文摘要：

在石油勘探、开发炼制及运储过程中，由于意外事故或操作失误，造成原油或油品从作业现场储器里外泄，溢流向地面、水面、海滩或海面，同时由于油质的不同，形成薄厚等一片膜这现象称为溢油．大范围的海上溢油往往会对数个国家的生态、社会以及经济带来严重影响．本文基于卫星遥感数据，将变化检测引入海上溢油的问题中，研究实现对比了多个变化检测算法，最终实现了一个变化检测的溢油检测系统．实验表明，变化检测能有效地减少因地理位置、光照条件因素的影响，泛化能力显著地强于单幅图的分类方法，文章提供的系统能有效地将油区与水面、轻油区域与重油区域分割．

英文摘要：

In the process of oil exploration, development, refinement, transportation and storage, due to accidents or operational errors, the leakage of crude oil or oil products from the reservoir will flow to the ground, water, and the beach or sea. As the different thickness of oil, the leakage forms a film, the phenomenon is called oil spill. Large-scale oil spills often has a serious impact on national ecology, society and economy. Based on the satellite remote sensing data, this paper introduces the change detection into the problem of marine oil spilling, comparing several change detection algorithms with each other, and accomplishes an oil spill detection system. Results show that, the change detection can effectively reduce the impact of geographical location and lighting conditions, and it has a stronger generalization ability than the classification methods trained on single image. The research also shows the new method can effectively separate the sea water region with light oil or heavy oil region.