中文摘要：

基于最优选举制度具有内生性这样的假设，本文以村民偏好和主观意愿来确定村庄潜在最优选举规则，并以此作为测度和评价选举质量的参照，建立了选举质量距离比指数。运用该指数测算和分析了中国村民选举的质量和区域差异。研究发现，不同地区选举质量有很大差异，这种差异并不是由个别“关键”程序决定的，选举质量高的地区一般有比较多的高质量程序。不同村庄的客观条件和村民偏好千差万别，村民自治良好局面的形成要求村民对于村庄治理有更为充分的参与和发言权。村民不仅应当有权力决定村庄领导人，自主管理村庄事务，而且应当有权力选择自己村庄的治理制度，包括村委会的选举制度。

英文摘要：

Under the assumption that optimal electoral system is endogenous to local conditions, this paper defines locally optimal electoral rules according to villagers＇ preference and proposes an index of ＂election quality distance ratio＂ to measure election quality. This approach is applied to village election for 116 villages across 6 provinces in China. We find there is significant regional variation in village election quality in China and the variation comes from a number of electoral procedures rather than a few key procedures. The implication is that good village governance may warrant more broad-based villagers＇ participation not only in election itself, but also in setting local electoral rules.